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Téranga Nature

Le premier jaguar né d’un programme de reproduction réintroduit en Argentine

Le premier jaguar né d’un programme de reproduction réintroduit en Argentine

Le 24 septembre, l’ONG Rewilding Argentina a réintroduit un jaguar de trois ans dans la province de Corrientes en Argentine où l’espèce avait disparu depuis 70 ans. La femelle nommée Arami est l’un des deux premiers petits nés dans le cadre d’un programme de reproduction inédit.

Le jaguar, plus grand félin du continent américain, est de retour dans la province de Corrientes en Argentine. Une région d’où l’espèce Panthera onca avait pourtant disparu depuis 70 ans. Cette victoire est le fruit d’un programme de reproduction inédit initié en 2012 par l’ONG Tompkins Conservation et poursuivi par la fondation Rewilding Argentina.

En 2021, ce sont sept jaguars qui ont été réintroduits dans une zone protégée de près de 690.000 hectares au sein du grand parc d’Iberá, au nord-est du pays. Parmi eux, Arami (“petit ciel” en langue autochtone guaraní), une femelle de trois ans dont la libération a eu lieu le 24 septembre dernier.

L’un des deux premiers bébés nés

Son retour à la nature était une étape cruciale. Arami est en effet l’un des deux premiers bébés jaguars nés en 2018 dans le cadre du programme de reproduction. La femelle et sa soeur, Mbaret, ont toutes deux vu le jour au Jaguar Reintroduction Center (JRC) installé en 2012 au sein du parc et ont depuis grandi sans contact humain.

Elles étaient installées au sein d’un enclos de 1,5 hectare surveillé à distance. Une fois sa taille adulte atteinte, Arami a été transférée dans un espace plus grand de 30 hectares où elle a pu entamer son apprentissage de la vie sauvage. Objectif : perfectionner ses techniques de chasse dans un environnement varié mêlant forêt, prairies et marécages.

Cet été, la femelle a semblé fin prête à prendre son envol. Les portes de son enclos ont ainsi été ouvertes, lui laissant l’opportunité de s’échapper dans la vaste zone protégée. Elle a suivi les traces de deux autres femelles adultes, Mariua et Juruna, réintroduites quelques mois avant, après avoir été équipées de colliers GPS afin de suivre leurs mouvements au quotidien.

Contrairement à Arami, celles-ci ne sont pas le fruit du programme de reproduction. Rendues orphelines par des braconniers, elles ont été recueillies et élevées au centre. Elles ont toutes deux eu deux petits avec Jatobazinho, un mâle d’origine sauvage, avant d’être relâchées. Le mâle lui, se trouve encore au centre, dans l’attente de sa réintroduction.

Moins de 300 spécimens en Argentine

Le retour des sept félins libérés en 2021 est célébré par les habitants de Corrientes, Rewilding Argentina et les autorités des parcs qui participent au projet. “La présence du jaguar en tant que grand prédateur est d’une importance vitale pour parvenir à un environnement sain et complet“, explique l’ONG dans un communiqué.

Panthera onca occupe en effet une place cruciale dans son milieu. Le carnivore tacheté possède un régime alimentaire très varié qui comprend plusieurs dizaines d’espèces dont les capybaras, les tapirs, les pécaris ou encore les caïmans. Il joue ainsi un rôle clé dans la régulation des autres populations des milieux d’Amérique centrale et du Sud.

Malgré ce rôle d’importance, le jaguar est classé “en danger critique d’extinction” en Argentine. Au cours des deux derniers siècles, il a perdu plus de 95% de son aire de distribution. Sa population a disparu de plusieurs régions dont Corrientes et atteint désormais moins de 300 spécimens à travers le pays.

Avec le retour du plus grand félin d’Amérique, la signification culturelle de cette espèce, admirée pour sa force et sa beauté, est aussi retrouvée. Ce retour positionne également les marécages d’Iberá comme une destination internationale d’observation de la faune sauvage“, poursuit Rewilding Argentina.

Outre le jaguar, l’ONG travaille également au retour d’autres espèces cruciales en Argentine telles que le cerf des pampas, le tamanoir, l’ara chloroptère ou encore la loutre géante.

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