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Téranga Nature

Perte de biodiversité en Afrique

Perte de biodiversité en Afrique

La science nous dit que l’Afrique va plus subir les impacts du changement climatique. En effet, sur la période allant de 2005 à 2010, le continent a enregistré des pertes nettes «évaluées à  3,4 millions d’hectares», selon le rapport 2013 des OMD. Pour y voir clair, prenons le pouls sur la forêt  tropicale du Congo (La deuxième forêt mondiale de par sa taille). 

On assiste aujourd’hui à la décadence d’un des «poumons planétaires».

En témoigne l’image ci-dessus, qui en dit long sur l’état de santé de la  deuxième forêt mondiale. Cette déforestation fragilise l’Afrique, rend vulnérables ses agriculteurs, ses pêcheurs, et obère toute possibilité de séquestration du carbone. Etat de fait qui empêche la planète de respirer.

A en croire le rapport 2013 sur les OMD. Depuis 1990 « les émissions mondiales de CO2 ont augmenté de plus de 46 % ».Prendre des mesures à temps, va éviter au continent tout phénomène «cas pire».

Ligne automatique suivie par la réhabilitation de la mangrove dans le bas Congo.

Financé par la FAO, dans le cadre de son programme de coopération technique, ce projet, d’une durée de deux ans, vient en réponse à une requête formulée par le gouvernement congolais et s’inscrit dans le cadre du domaine prioritaire relatif à la protection de l’environnement et la lutte contre les changements climatiques défini par la République démocratique du Congo à travers le Cadre de programmation pays (CPP). Il s’inscrit également dans le cadre de la stratégie de la FAO pour les forêts et la foresterie adoptée en 2010 et participe à la mise en œuvre de l’Objectif Stratégique 2 visant à  «rendre l’agriculture, la foresterie et la pêche plus productives et plus durables».

Selon le représentant de la FAO, M. Ndiaga Guèye, le projet aidera à inverser la tendance à la dégradation du seul parc côtier de la RDC et unique site d’importance internationale du littoral atlantique congolais. Il contribuera également à développer le programme d’écotourisme pour un accès aux financements de la réduction des émissions résultant de la déforestation et de la dégradation  des forêts (REDD) en vue de générer des contributions  durables.«Les domaines d’intervention de ce programme sont : la restauration du site, la valorisation de ses ressources et le développement des alternatives socio-économiques au profit des communautés riveraines».

Ce projet qui sera mis en œuvre en collaboration avec le ministère de l’Environnement, Conservation de la nature et Tourisme va aider l’Institut congolais pour la conservation de la nature (ICCN) à identifier les activités illicites et proposer des alternatives conformes à la protection du parc. Seront également associées à ce projet, toutes les parties prenantes. Il s’agit notamment de l’Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature (UICN) dans l’accompagnement et l’appui des politiques en vue d’une gestion durable des ressources naturelles, ainsi que  certaines ONGD locales en ce qui concerne les inventaires et la protection des faunes et flores, le reboisement, la formation, l’accompagnement des structures et la sensibilisation.

Au terme de deux ans de mise en œuvre, il est attendu une amélioration de la gouvernance du parc marin de mangroves (PMM) et de la capacité des services environnementaux, de la santé des écosystèmes, la protection de la biodiversité et l’amélioration  des moyens d’existence de la population riveraine.

En mémoire, le parc marin des mangroves (PMM) situé dans la province du Bas–Congo en RDC est une réserve naturelle intégrale de 76 000 ha dans laquelle vivent de nombreux lamantins. Ce site de mangroves est vital pour la reproduction de nombreuses espèces de poissons, coquillages, et crustacés, dont la disparition  entrainerait un appauvrissement extrême des réserves halieutiques de la sous-région, voire la disparition de nombreuses espèces.

Le projet a officiellement été lancé le vendredi 11 avril 2014 à Moanda au Bas-Congo par le ministre provincial de l’Environnement, M. Florent Masaki, en présence du représentant résident de la FAO en République démocratique du Congo, M. Ndiaga Guèye.

                                                                                                                            Par Pape Mbor

Source:

mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Resources/Static/Products/Progress2013/French2013.

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