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Téranga Nature

LES “SIGNES VITAUX” DE LA TERRE S’AFFAIBLISSENT : DES SCIENTIFIQUES APPELLENT À LA DÉCLARATION D’UNE URGENCE CLIMATIQUE MONDIALE

LES “SIGNES VITAUX” DE LA TERRE S’AFFAIBLISSENT : DES SCIENTIFIQUES APPELLENT À LA DÉCLARATION D’UNE URGENCE CLIMATIQUE MONDIALE

Concentrations historiques de CO2 et de méthane, fonte des glaciers, disparition des forêts tropicales, blanchiment des récifs coralliens… Une nouvelle étude parue dans la revue BioScience estime que sur les 31 “signes vitaux” de la Terre, 18 atteignent des records. Les scientifiques estiment que plusieurs points de non-retour ont été franchis et appellent à un réveil des nations. 

Les “signes vitaux” de la planète s’affaiblissent sous les coups de l’économie mondiale, ont mis en garde fin juillet des scientifiques de premier plan, s’inquiétant de l’imminence possible de certains “points de rupture” climatiques. Ces chercheurs, qui font partie d’un groupe de plus de 14 000 scientifiques ayant plaidé pour la déclaration d’une urgence climatique mondiale, estiment que les gouvernements ont de manière systématique échoué à s’attaquer aux causes du changement climatique : “la surexploitation de la Terre”.

Depuis une évaluation précédente en 2019, ils soulignent la “hausse sans précédent” des catastrophes climatiques, des inondations aux canicules, en passant par les cyclones et les incendies. Sur les 31 “signes vitaux” de la planète, qui incluent les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, l’épaisseur des glaciers ou la déforestation, 18 atteignent des records, selon ce texte publié dans la revue BioScience.

Ainsi, malgré la chute des émissions de gaz à effet de serre en raison de la pandémie de Covid-19, les concentrations de CO2 et de méthane dans l’atmosphère ont atteint des niveaux records en 2021. Les glaciers fondent 31% plus vite qu’il y a quinze ans et la déforestation en Amazonie brésilienne a elle aussi atteint un record en 2020, transformant ce puits de carbone crucial en émetteur net de CO2. 

Des points de non-retour déjà franchis 

Avec un record de plus de 4 milliards de têtes de bétail, notamment vaches et moutons, la masse du bétail dépasse désormais celle des humains et des animaux sauvages combinés, selon l’étude. “Nous devons réagir face aux preuves qui montrent que nous allons vers des points de rupture climatiques, en prenant des mesures urgentes pour décarboner l’économie et en commençant à restaurer la nature plutôt que la détruire”, a indiqué l’un des auteurs, Tim Lenton, de l’université britannique d’Exeter.

Les auteurs estiment qu’il existe en effet “de plus en plus de preuves que nous approchons, voire avons déjà dépassé” certains des points de bascule qui pourraient entraîner le système climatique vers un changement dramatique et irrémédiable. Cela inclut la fonte des calottes glaciaires du Groenland et de l’Antarctique, qui pourrait être irréversible à l’échelle de plusieurs siècles, même si les émissions de CO2 étaient réduites.

“S’attaquer à la source : la surexploitation de la planète”

Autre point de non-retour possible pour les récifs coralliens menacés notamment par le réchauffement, et dont dépendent un demi-milliard de personnes. Les auteurs réclament des actions rapides radicales dans plusieurs domaines : éliminer les énergies fossiles, réduire la pollution, restaurer les écosystèmes, opter pour des régimes alimentaires basés sur les plantes, s’éloigner du modèle de croissance actuel et stabiliser la population mondiale.

“Nous devons arrêter de traiter l’urgence climatique comme un problème indépendant, le réchauffement n’est pas le seul problème de notre système Terre sous pression”, a insisté William Ripple, de l’Université d’Etat de l’Oregon.  Selon lui, “les politiques pour combattre la crise climatique ou tout autre symptôme devraient s’attaquer à la source : la surexploitation de la planète par les humains”.

AFP

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