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Téranga Nature

L’engagement de plus de 100 pays envers la biodiversité crée l’espoir de « vivre en harmonie avec la nature »

L’engagement de plus de 100 pays envers la biodiversité crée l’espoir de « vivre en harmonie avec la nature »

Plus de 100 pays se sont engagés mercredi à développer, adopter et mettre en œuvre un cadre mondial efficace, qui vise à mettre la biodiversité sur la voie du rétablissement, d’ici 2030 au plus tard.

La Déclaration de Kunming, adoptée à la fin du segment de haut niveau de la Conférence des Nations Unies sur la biodiversité, qui a eu lieu à Kunming, en Chine, appelle les États parties à prendre des mesures d’urgence sur la protection de la biodiversité et à reconnaître l’importance de la préservation pour protéger la santé humaine.

Le segment s’est ouvert lundi et a également abouti à la création du Fonds pour la biodiversité de Kunming. Le Président chinois Xi Jinping a promis environ 230 milliards de dollars pour établir le Fonds et soutenir la biodiversité dans les pays en développement.

Le gouvernement japonais a annoncé qu’il apporterait également 17 milliards de dollars au Fonds japonais pour la biodiversité.

Les pays signataires travailleront à la pleine réalisation de la Vision 2050 de « Vivre en harmonie avec la nature », en veillant à ce que les politiques, programmes et plans de rétablissement post-pandémie contribuent à l’utilisation durable de la biodiversité et favorisent un développement inclusif.

Faire participer les communautés locales et les peuples autochtones

« L’adoption de la Déclaration de Kunming est une indication claire du soutien mondial au niveau d’ambition qui doit être reflété dans le cadre mondial de la biodiversité post-2020 qui sera finalisé au printemps prochain à Kunming », a déclaré la Secrétaire exécutive de la Convention sur la diversité biologique, Elizabeth Maruma Mrema.

Les éléments clés de l’accord comprennent la suppression progressive et la réorientation des subventions néfastes et la reconnaissance de la participation pleine et effective des communautés locales et des peuples autochtones pour aider à surveiller et à évaluer les progrès.

Au cours de la réunion de haut niveau, le Fonds mondial pour l’environnement, en partenariat avec le Programme des Nations Unies pour le développement (PNUD) et le Programme des Nations Unies pour l’environnement (PNUE), a également annoncé son engagement à accélérer le soutien financier et technique immédiat aux pays en développement, afin de se préparer à la mise en œuvre rapide du cadre mondial de la biodiversité post-2020 une fois qu’il sera formellement approuvé l’année prochaine à la COP15.

Engagement européen

L’Union européenne a fait valoir le doublement des financements externes pour la biodiversité, tandis que le Président français Macron a souligné « l’engagement d’utiliser 30% des fonds climat pour la biodiversité », selon un communiqué de presse du Secrétariat de la Convention.

Le Royaume-Uni a également annoncé qu’une partie importante de son financement accru pour le climat serait consacrée à la biodiversité.

En outre, une coalition d’institutions financières, avec des actifs de 12.000 milliards d’euros, s’est engagée à protéger et restaurer la biodiversité à travers leurs activités et investissements.

S’exprimant lors de la réunion de haut niveau, le ministre chinois de l’Écologie et de l’Environnement et président de la COP15, Huang Runquiu, a déclaré que malgré les progrès réalisés depuis le premier accord mondial sur la préservation et l’utilisation durable de la biodiversité, avec l’adoption de la Convention sur la diversité biologique, « nous sommes toujours confrontés à une sombre situation d’extinction mondiale sans précédent d’espèces ».

« La perte de biodiversité et la dégradation des écosystèmes posent des risques majeurs pour la survie humaine et le développement durable », a ajouté M. Huang, affirmant que ce moment « signalait une volonté politique renouvelée de stimuler l’ambition, de renforcer la collaboration et de maximiser les opportunités de synergies entre d’autres accords multilatéraux ».

Adoption en mai 2022

Les pays devraient adopter le cadre mondial de la biodiversité proposé en mai 2022, à la suite de nouvelles négociations formelles en janvier prochain.

La Conférence des Nations Unies sur la biodiversité consiste en trois réunions simultanées. En plus de la COP15, des réunions des Parties au Protocole de Cartagena sur la prévention des risques biotechnologiques et au Protocole de Nagoya sur l’accès et le partage des ressources génétiques ont également lieu.

La conférence se déroule en deux phases. Le segment actuel se déroulera jusqu’à vendredi et sera suivi de réunions en personne à Kunming du 25 avril au 8 mai 2022.

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